tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5243904155063786322024-03-19T01:29:13.343+06:00Define TextileAll about Textile Engineering Study Articles, Terms & Definitions.Define Textilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13660738981867916595noreply@blogger.comBlogger299125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-524390415506378632.post-71390149484836951262017-12-30T22:49:00.001+06:002017-12-30T22:49:07.265+06:00Product Costing<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhn9VARjlTI_Fgq67NVb2Y6MPPmR6hD6jwZ_LYcYVIrB0j4E9Hv2d80LzLRUGDe1Rjqs5KyXS8j0jpr2L4tlbQ50TvldCPlBJnQo45uV2OMQVseczKVH9AwnrQt1n3Svg8PYinrK1ZAco4/s1600/cost_analysis_definetextile.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="261" data-original-width="387" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhn9VARjlTI_Fgq67NVb2Y6MPPmR6hD6jwZ_LYcYVIrB0j4E9Hv2d80LzLRUGDe1Rjqs5KyXS8j0jpr2L4tlbQ50TvldCPlBJnQo45uV2OMQVseczKVH9AwnrQt1n3Svg8PYinrK1ZAco4/s320/cost_analysis_definetextile.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Costing is a
process by which to set a price of a product is calculated by considering all
the related factors. Doing <b>Cost Analysis</b> is a very important task for a factory
which runs for business purposes. Costing of the products considering the raw
material expenditure, salary of officers and workers, distributions and
advertisement expenses etc. all direct and indirect expenses is considered very
honestly. It is determined by a troop of accountants with advice and
consultancy of executive director. </span></span></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Considering points for costing of
a product: The followings are the major points considered for costing of a
product, </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span><span>i.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span>Total dyes and chemical cost.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span><span>ii. </span></span>Total utility cost.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span><span>iii.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span>Salary. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span><span>iv.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span>Payment.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span><span>v.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span>Transport Cost.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span><span>vi.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span>Lunch.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span><span>vii. <span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span>Entertainment Cost.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span><span>viii. </span></span>Miscellaneous Cost. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span><span>ix.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span>Government Cast Incentive. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Basic Formula of a product price:
Basically price of product is determined by the required profit adding to the
total expense, </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Price of Product = Direct Expenses+Indirect
expenses+Factory overhead + Required Profit. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
Define Textilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13660738981867916595noreply@blogger.com232tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-524390415506378632.post-65901001576794391422015-06-10T23:18:00.000+06:002015-06-10T23:19:15.559+06:00Yarn Friction<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<![endif]--><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Friction is a very important factor in all phases of
knitting. In case of <b>yarn friction</b> applies to resistance developed by yarn
sliding over another yarn or over metallic or ceramic bodies. There are two
types of friction 1) static 2) kinetic. Resistance offered by the yarn in
contact with guides bars or eyelets. When the machine is started is an example
of static friction while movement of yarn through the guides or needles when
the machine is running is kinetic friction. Static friction is generally
greater than kinetic friction. Frictional resistance or coefficient of friction
depends on many factors such as:</span></span><br />
<a name='more'></a><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-synthesis: weight style; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span>i.Surface
smoothness</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">ii.Yarn color</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-synthesis: weight style; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span>iii.Yarn twist</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">iv.Package hardness</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">v.Moisture content
in the yarn</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">vi.Yarn lubricants used</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">vii.Yarn tension etc</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Surface Smoothness</b>: It is generally assumed that
smoother the surface lesser is the coefficient of friction. However it has been
found in the case of synthetic yarns that the smooth filaments of these
materials stick to smooth surface and produce a large area of contact and
therefore large frictional drag. But the mat surface presents less area of
contact reducing the coefficient of friction. Of course the mat surface should
be only microscopically visible.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Yarn Color</b>: All factors remaining same when color is
changed it results in change of dimensions. Darker shades give more friction
increased tension and hence lower stitch length. Dyed yarn has usually a higher
coefficient of friction via 0.30.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Yarn Twist</b>: Increased twist in yarn reduces friction.
Low twist yarns spread out and have increased area of contact.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Package Hardness</b>: Package hardness affects withdrawal
tension. Package hardness is related to yarn friction. A higher friction yarn
produces a harder package due to higher winding tension and this will knit a
tighter structure.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Moisture Content</b>: Moisture improves pliability of yarn
and makes it more plastic so that more regular and uniform loops are formed.
Moisture enables knitting with ease. Moisture content in the yarn should be 10
to 40 per cent. Small changes in moisture do not change friction as such. Wide
differences in moisture however do cause differences in dimensions due to
changes in frictions.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Yarn Lubricants</b>: As mentioned earlier yarns are
lubricated to reduce friction before supplying it to the machine. A suitable
selected lubricant for a given fiber and guide surface may cut the coefficients
of friction to half its value. What is equally important is that yarns with
different initial coefficient of friction can be brought to a comfortable low
friction level after lubrication thus avoiding variations in quality. The
quality of lubricant and the amount of lubricant to be put on yarn is also very
important. Between 1/2 and 2 per cent lubricant gives good results. The
conventional method of applying lubricant is to place a paraffin wax dist
between the metallic discs used as tensioner as shown in figure. This method is
however inefficient as grooving of the wax causes variations in wax application
disc. A more efficient method is the application of wax emulsion as shown in
figure.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Yarn Tension</b>: When the yarn is knitting on the machine
kinetic friction is developed. The measure of yarn friction is calculated by
measuring the input and output tensions and using the Amontons equation To
=Ti.e<sup>µƟ</sup> where to is the output tension Ti is the input tension
e=2.718 µ is coefficient of friction and Ɵ is the angle of warp in radians
shown in figure. Output tension thus depends on the input tension coefficient
of friction and the angle of contact. It has been estimated that during the
formation of any one loop the yarn must pass over as many as a dozen guide
surfaces and due to the friction involved the tension in the yarn increases.
The increased tension causes the loop length to change and thus fabric quality
is changed. It has been found that if the coefficient of yarn friction is less
than 0.2 faults in knitting usually associated with friction are mostly eliminated.
Spun yarns like wool when not waxed will have values of µ=0.4.Such high values
cause excessive yarn failure.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> If for
example coefficient of friction =0.50 and the angle =90º =Π/2 then,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> To=
Ti.e<sup>µƟ</sup> 0.5 ×1.57</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> = Ti × 2.718</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> = 2Ti (approx)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Thus
the output tension becomes double the input tension under such conditions. If
the yarn is warping partly round a number of guides then the tension is built
up progressively. A 3-g input tension may rise up to 300-g output tension up to
knitting point. It’s therefore necessary to test the yarn friction regularly
before knitting. A number of instruments are now available to test the yarn
friction. The use of positive fee reduces to some extent the detrimental effect
of high yarn friction knittability. As a rough guide both for staple and
filament yarns the optimum yarn input tension is found to be about 10% of the tex number of the yarn.
However it is also recommended that the input tension does not drop below 1.5g
otherwise difficulties arise in setting such low tensions. The coefficient of
kinetic friction increases with the yarn speed. Thus a 15 denier nylon yarn
passing through chromium plated guides has coefficient of friction = 0.35 at
about 100 meters per minute.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
Define Textilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13660738981867916595noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-524390415506378632.post-76908377142848409242015-06-07T11:48:00.000+06:002015-06-07T11:49:03.599+06:00Count in Different System<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<st1:state style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" w:st="on"><b><u>Tex</u></b></st1:state><b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><u>:</u></b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> The yarn number or count in the </span><st1:place style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" w:st="on"><st1:state w:st="on">tex</st1:state></st1:place><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> system is the weight in grams of 1000m
or 1km of yarn.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The
system is therefore a direct system simply define and simple to use. For fibers,
the fineness is expressed in “Militex”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><u>Militex:</u></b> Count in the militex system is the weight in mg of
1000m or 1km of yarn.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><u>Kilotex:</u></b> Count in the kilotex system is the weight in kg of
1000m or 1km of yarn.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><u>Denier:</u></b> The no. of count in denier system is the weight in
grams of 9000m or 9km of yarn.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><u>Pound per spindle (Jute system):</u></b> The yarn number or count in the pound per spindle is
the weight in pounds of 14400 yards of yarn.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Indirect system: <o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><u>English system (Ne):</u></b> The yarn number or count in English system is defined
as the number of hanks 840yds per pound. It is denoted by Ne.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><u>Metric system:</u></b> The yarn number or count in metric system is defined
as the number of hanks (1000m) per kg. It is denoted by Nm.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><u>Worsted system:</u></b> The yarn number or count in worsted system is defined
as the number of hanks (560yds) per pounds. It is denoted by Nw.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<a name='more'></a><br /></div>
Define Textilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13660738981867916595noreply@blogger.com12tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-524390415506378632.post-87613515925027758012015-05-11T13:43:00.001+06:002015-05-11T13:44:15.571+06:00Ginning of Cotton Seed<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<![endif]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Ginning
of seed cotton</b>: The freshly picked <a href="http://www.definetextile.com/2013/09/cotton_13.html" target="_blank">cotton</a> has seeds in it is called <b>seed
cotton</b>. After picking the cotton fiber has to be separated from seeds. The
process by which the seeds are separated from the fiber is called ginning.
There are mainly two types of ginning.</span></span><br />
<a name='more'></a><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-synthesis: weight style; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>i. <b>Saw gin</b>: Mainly
used for shortened medium length cotton.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">ii. <b>Roller gin</b>: Mainly used for longer length of fiber. It
is a costly process.</span></span></div>
</div>
Define Textilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13660738981867916595noreply@blogger.com13tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-524390415506378632.post-63766859507249187082015-04-02T16:14:00.000+06:002015-04-02T16:14:28.117+06:00How to Dye Cotton Yarn<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivH4lQQyWXkKSLsgEQxhXsUnUfcoQ7-6Jy4E-Kv1HfYst3bqzWGD6iQ2V8iJTdR7vaa1mMOqP2BclShZ52umBTKfCFZpBFbW5rz1gB161APmxqYLLdv0FHex80phsn0Z9HRiP8z21JWoQ/s1600/Yarn+Dyeing.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="yarn_dyeing" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivH4lQQyWXkKSLsgEQxhXsUnUfcoQ7-6Jy4E-Kv1HfYst3bqzWGD6iQ2V8iJTdR7vaa1mMOqP2BclShZ52umBTKfCFZpBFbW5rz1gB161APmxqYLLdv0FHex80phsn0Z9HRiP8z21JWoQ/s1600/Yarn+Dyeing.jpg" height="158" title="yarn dyeing" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">There is a long story of <b>Yarn
Dyeing</b>. Recent days to a craft project, hand dyed yarn can add a personal
touch. To dye different types of <a href="http://www.definetextile.com/2013/06/yarn.html" target="_blank">yarn</a> you can use many more natural materials
including powdered drinks and flowers. There is 11 steps to dye cotton yarn
which I described below.</span></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Buy the yarn</b>: At first buy the yarn in a hank, not a
ball. A hank had long twist and braid. You must have to ensure that the
yarn should be dyeable cotton. To ensure this just check the label. </span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Prepare the detergent to clean the yarn</b>: </span></span></li>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="a">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Fill a bath with clean water. There should be
enough water to submerge the yarn, ever yarn absorbed water by yarn.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Put detergent into the water. To remove excess dyes
from textile is the main purpose of using detergent. Also detergent keeps
the color from bleeding.</span></span></li>
</ol>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Soak the yarn in the detergent solution</b>: Soaking the
yarn will ensure that it is clean, and that all colors or substances that
hinder the dyeing process are washed away. </span></span></li>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="a">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Place the hank of yarn into the bucket of water and
soap. Use rubber gloves when handling the yarn. Rubber gloves will keep
your hands from being stained with dye or chemicals.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Allow the yarn to soak until it is completely wet,
for approximately 1 hour. </span></span></li>
</ol>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Remove the yarn from the bath</b>: </span></span></li>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="a">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">From bath take the yarn out of water and soap.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">To remove moisture wring out the hank of yarn.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Empty and rinse the bath.</span></span></li>
</ol>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Prepare the soda ash</b>: Place water and soda ash in the
bath. Then mix them. After that just ensure soda ash dissolved. </span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Soak the yarn in the soda ash solution</b>: To cling the
yarn fibers which helped by soda ash. Buy soda ash at a yarn supply or
crafts store.</span></span></li>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="a">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Place the hank of yarn in the bath. Allow the yarn
to soak for five minutes.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Remove the yarn.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Twist the yarn with slight pressure to remove
moisture.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lay the yarn on a flat sheet of plastic. Ensure
that the yarn is spread evenly in a long line.</span></span></li>
</ol>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Mix the dye. </span></span></b></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Combine 1 qt:</b> Combine hot water with urea in a large
container. Ensure that the urea dissolves in the water. Urea is a chemical
that keeps the yarn wet, ensuring that the dye sticks to the yarn. Urea is
available at yarn supply or crafts stores.</span></span></li>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="a">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Place 1tsp of cold reactive dye into a cup. Cold
reactive dye is a dye specially formulated for use with textiles.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Pour just enough water into the cup to make a
paste. Mix the dye well.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Add 1 cup of the urea water to the paste. </span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Use the same procedure for any additional colors
you with to use. Mix each color in a separate cup.</span></span></li>
</ol>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Dye the yarn</b>: </span></span></li>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="a">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Use a foam brush to apply the dye to the yarn.
Apply the dye with short sweeping motions. Begin at one end of the yarn
and move towards the opposite end. Use a separate foam brush for each
color of dye.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Flip the yarn over onto its undyed side when you
have reached the end of the line of yarn.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Repeat the application of the dye, moving from one
end of the yarn to the other.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Look inside the center portion of the yarn to
ensure that all of the yarn has been dyed. </span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Apply dye to any sports that you missed.</span></span></li>
</ol>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Cover the yarn</b>: Place a plastic sheet over the yarn.
Allow the yarn to remain covered for 24 hours.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Remove the excess dye</b>:</span></span></li>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="a">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Combine 1 tsp textile detergent in a bath with
enough water to submerge the hank of yarn.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Remove the plastic sheet from the yarn.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Hold the yarn over a sink.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Pour the soapy water over the yarn. Continue to rinse
the yarn until the water is clear. Ensure that the yarn remains as free
of tangles as possible.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Twist the yarn gently to remove moisture.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Allow the yarn to dry.<a name='more'></a></span></span></li>
</ol>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
Define Textilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13660738981867916595noreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-524390415506378632.post-33904499517057612612014-09-25T11:14:00.000+06:002014-09-25T11:14:08.151+06:00General Instructions for Final Inspection (Batching)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">The <b>general instructions for final inspection(Batching)</b> are given below,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">1.</span><span style="font-size: 9px;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">All pieces will be graded on the base of 40 points per
100 linear yards mapping will be done on each piece to insure proper grading.
Do not count more than 4 points per one yard.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">2.</span><span style="font-size: 9px;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">All defects must be recorded and marked in final
inspection and an accurate account of points made to insure proper grading.</span></div>
<a name='more'></a><o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">3.</span><span style="font-size: 9px;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">All fabric must meet specifications.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">4.</span><span style="font-size: 9px;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">At the end of each piece of fabric, the inspector will
add up total points and decide whether the piece can be shipped as first
quality or not, reworked, placed in lower quality, or cut and upgraded for
shipment. Fifteen yards or more can be shipped as first quality.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">5.</span><span style="font-size: 9px;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">The quality control supervisor must approve the
grading of all quality levels and check the lower quality.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">6.</span><span style="font-size: 9px;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Major or unsightly defects in the first and last yard
of a roll or piece will be cut. All defects of one yarn length or more will be
cut out of the piece. Defects within the first 2 inches or the last 2 inches of
a piece will not be cut out or counted in the grading.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">7.</span><span style="font-size: 9px;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Open defects on the back of fabric such as drops, runs
and hanging picks are to be included in the grading of fabric.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">8.</span><span style="font-size: 9px;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Pieces can be connected together, once each piece must
be the same shade.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">9.</span><span style="font-size: 9px;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">All defects such as runs that extend more than a yard
in length will be cut out.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">10.</span><span style="font-size: 9px;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Fabric up to 70
inches will be allowed a bow of not more than 1 inch and a Bias of not more
than 2 inches.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">11.</span><span style="font-size: 9px;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Defects within
one inch of the fabric edge will not be counted except on tubular fabrics. All
defects will be counted in tubular goods.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
Define Textilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13660738981867916595noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-524390415506378632.post-31012733666835026302014-09-24T12:52:00.000+06:002014-09-25T11:14:51.476+06:00Methods of Increasing Production (Knitting)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">From the following methods we can <b>increase
the production of knitting</b>. The methods are,</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1. <b>By increasing machine speed</b>: Higher the
machine speed faster the movement of needle and ultimately production
will be increased. But it has to make sure that excess tension is not
imposed on yarn because of this high speed. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2. <b>By increasing the number of feeder</b>: If
the number of feeder is increased in the circumference of cylinder, then the number
of courses will be increased in one revolution at a time. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3. <b>By using machine of higher gauge</b>: The
more the machine gauge, the more the production is. So by using machine of
hgier gauge production can be increased.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">4. <b>By imposing automation in the
machine</b>: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a. Quick
starting and stopping for efficient driving system.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">b. Automatic
machine lubrication system for smoother operation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">c. Photo
electric fabric fault detector.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">5. <b>By imposing other developments</b>:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a. Using creel-feeding system.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">b. Applying yarn supply through plastic tube
that eliminates the possibilities of yarn damage.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">c. Using yarn feed control device.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<a name='more'></a><br /></div>
Define Textilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13660738981867916595noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-524390415506378632.post-44638244796307832342014-07-09T12:42:00.000+06:002014-07-09T12:42:34.128+06:00Effluent Treatment Plant<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">To
save environment, <b>Effluent Treatment Plant</b> used in Textile Industry. Different Section of Textile
Manufacturing unit passes huge pollutants <a href="http://www.definetextile.com/2013/12/water.html" target="_blank">water</a> which is very harmful for the
nature and environments and these pollutants are also harmful for human health.
For Textile Industry the <b>Effluent Transfer Plant</b> is also essential part. There
are some processing procedures to purify the water from the begging.</span></div>
<a name='more'></a><b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: justify;">Process
Flowchart of Effluent Treatment Plant</b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: justify;">:</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Primary Filtration<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">↓<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cooling and Mixing save<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">↓<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN">Neutralization by
acid or alkali dosing</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">↓<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN">Chemical Coagulation</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">↓<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN">Setting and
separation of sludge</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">↓<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN">Sludge Pit</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">↓<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN">Filtration</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">↓<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Discharge to Drain<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Classification
of Effluent Treatment Plant</b>: <b>Effluent Treatment Plant</b> are three types. These are,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1. <!--[endif]-->Physical-Chemical treatment plant.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2. <!--[endif]-->Chemical-Biological plant.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3. <!--[endif]-->Biological treatment plant.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Effects
of ETP of Textile Industry in Environment and Daily uses</b>:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Quality
of water body is destroyed for industries waste water. Agriculture land and
sewerage handling system are affected by the industries waste water. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Characteristics and Effect of ETP are summarized below,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 27.0pt .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">i. pH: Waste water of polyester dyeing is acidic and
reactive dyeing is alkaline. So, if waster water is highly acidic condition,
then,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a. <!--[endif]-->Corrosion of pipe line.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">b. <!--[endif]-->Destruction of aquatic life.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">And if the waster water is highly
alkaline condition, then,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a. <!--[endif]-->Adverse effect on aquatic life.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 45.0pt .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">b. <!--[endif]-->Damages crops by impairing their growths.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ii. Dissolved Solids:
Dissolved solids may be organic or inorganic in nature. They cause reduction of
dissolved O<sub>2</sub> in water. It creates some other problems like, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a. <!--[endif]-->It causes disease and discomfort.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">b. <!--[endif]-->Scale formation in pipe-lines and other equipments.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">c. <!--[endif]-->It accelerates algal growth.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">d. <!--[endif]-->In increases water hardness.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">iii. Suspended Solids:
It causes some bad effects like,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a. <!--[endif]-->Suspended solids increase turbidity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">b. <!--[endif]-->Interface with light transmitting properties of water.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">c. <!--[endif]-->Destroy photosynthesis and O<sub>2</sub> transfer
process.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
Define Textilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13660738981867916595noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-524390415506378632.post-11721160307841776552014-07-07T12:24:00.004+06:002014-07-07T12:25:35.060+06:00Seam Classification<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal">
There are 100types of seam. Here 6types of seams are
discussed that are mostly used in garments. These six types are,</div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal"><b>Super
imposed seam.</b></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><b>Lapped
seam.</b></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><b>Bound
seam.</b></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><b>Flat
seam.</b></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><b>Decorative
seam.</b></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><b>Edge
neatening.</b></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Super imposed seam</b>:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Feature:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->i.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Most Commonly used seam.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->ii.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->This type of seam is formed by correctly placing
the fiber and on the other fabric end.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->iii.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Same direction of sewn ends of the fabric.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW7781EbtgnMnPIvR7GbIwK6N4htXhsHvPyYqmvdr8RmbPpPR97gChUPA_OOBYTEttVAAjhKd88bFMHR_4nKRtWp3aIMhOsG-4YSDuDQ93sNXfniEk_c4dV-OVIA-ZZatKo-8CXrzdYlg/s1600/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="super-imposed-seam" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW7781EbtgnMnPIvR7GbIwK6N4htXhsHvPyYqmvdr8RmbPpPR97gChUPA_OOBYTEttVAAjhKd88bFMHR_4nKRtWp3aIMhOsG-4YSDuDQ93sNXfniEk_c4dV-OVIA-ZZatKo-8CXrzdYlg/s1600/1.jpg" height="128" title="Super Imposed Seam" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Uses: </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->i.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Seam can be used for both joining and edge
neatening.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->ii.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Especially this seam is used in side seam of
shirt and trouser.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Lapped seam</b>:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Feature: </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->i.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->This type of seam consists of at least two piece
of fabric.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->ii.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->The two ends sides of both fabrics are reverse
to each other.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW-smob5iaZGrLarflV4wiOmwvrwFiS7D3ZthPnivQuVG4h1ck2xjA6WM28yZ4HODbOS-0QL8ebUCyjxJDV7Z6d6O_7YpwHREHiOYxbEStR-_AAFf-NQO2xJxHmyFO15yQkMXwNEMg6bg/s1600/2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="lapped-seam" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW-smob5iaZGrLarflV4wiOmwvrwFiS7D3ZthPnivQuVG4h1ck2xjA6WM28yZ4HODbOS-0QL8ebUCyjxJDV7Z6d6O_7YpwHREHiOYxbEStR-_AAFf-NQO2xJxHmyFO15yQkMXwNEMg6bg/s1600/2.jpg" height="140" title="Lapped Seam" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Uses: </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->i.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->This type of seam is especially used in jeans
pant.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Bound seam</b>:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Feature:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->i.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->At least two piece of fabric is required to
produce this seam.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->ii.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->One side of a fabric is bounded another side of
another fabric.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->iii.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Below figure bound seam is widely used in
garments for both functional and decorative purpose.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEAgTtFTp3rBJr-X6hUp1ahXVsqcmRgED2jdOibGS3HqZ9lA5UEbtxzlc5j7BgDh-si0TrI4-Kv-wnmLNTmLlIG6sOluR7aCZDC1rEeGgIVOlCG1TNYMsCiKvS5OskJUCfpGRi-UC29Oo/s1600/3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="bound-seam" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEAgTtFTp3rBJr-X6hUp1ahXVsqcmRgED2jdOibGS3HqZ9lA5UEbtxzlc5j7BgDh-si0TrI4-Kv-wnmLNTmLlIG6sOluR7aCZDC1rEeGgIVOlCG1TNYMsCiKvS5OskJUCfpGRi-UC29Oo/s1600/3.jpg" height="167" title="Bound Seam" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Flat seam</b>:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Feature:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->i.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->This type of seam is prepared through joining of
the two ends of two pieces of fabric.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->ii.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Here no overlapping is done of the fabric rather
the fabric is kept beside to each other.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->iii.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Due to lower strength of seam, it is usually
used in knitted and under garments and also for decorative purpose.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDoepVyZr99GotHVGtOzpVdq6NYZIsmLA__OTPGNXWJOtZJxrTeO2LmfIFsqOTs8zFwGfQQV3Mz2juxNp4FSghoVBzNYkwgvwr05lEVUB2AuRsbSOm5ZhlIN_SZpEKInoyIeeFVM4yFzU/s1600/4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="flat-seam" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDoepVyZr99GotHVGtOzpVdq6NYZIsmLA__OTPGNXWJOtZJxrTeO2LmfIFsqOTs8zFwGfQQV3Mz2juxNp4FSghoVBzNYkwgvwr05lEVUB2AuRsbSOm5ZhlIN_SZpEKInoyIeeFVM4yFzU/s1600/4.jpg" height="193" title="Flat Seam" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Decorative seam</b>:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Feature:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->i.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Mainly this type of seam is produced to increase
the beauty of garments.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->ii.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->This type of seam is prepared by making one or
more that one stitch line on one ply or multiply of fabric.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq9uzt0uXLSGKarfunZzonbUCQbdpQc3LHOsQclYkk22zglGD6i_FwO1TdUgyddIO896zA5JCo9HF1bnezVt7iCi2tXihdMtlh5k-bAaSYTCS8MFD2G-ybQx8ghyphenhyphenSzBNpWbch7V4WMqvQ/s1600/5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="decorative-seam" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq9uzt0uXLSGKarfunZzonbUCQbdpQc3LHOsQclYkk22zglGD6i_FwO1TdUgyddIO896zA5JCo9HF1bnezVt7iCi2tXihdMtlh5k-bAaSYTCS8MFD2G-ybQx8ghyphenhyphenSzBNpWbch7V4WMqvQ/s1600/5.jpg" height="235" title="Decorative Seam" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Uses: </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->i.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Increased beauty and decorated purpose of
garments.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Edge neatening</b>:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Feature:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->i.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->This type of seam is mainly prepared in selvedge
of the fabric in such a way that threads can not come out from the end of
fabric.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->ii.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->This type of seam is mostly used in garments.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHKv8BiqJwsPzIG4Utz408tH5PopBdrUYxKgB86bt2FT2M3KfYiOZaNzFZ756pOYhpm48oqA27DdHSls8yRT1gPUgPkOYcmNxWJQxXLUq5-fuQoolIbPbtJ63zy2UxsCHdYDi0DpZKXa0/s1600/6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="edge-neatening" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHKv8BiqJwsPzIG4Utz408tH5PopBdrUYxKgB86bt2FT2M3KfYiOZaNzFZ756pOYhpm48oqA27DdHSls8yRT1gPUgPkOYcmNxWJQxXLUq5-fuQoolIbPbtJ63zy2UxsCHdYDi0DpZKXa0/s1600/6.jpg" height="216" title="Edge Neatening" width="400" /></a></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
Define Textilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13660738981867916595noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-524390415506378632.post-52829956523360052752014-05-18T02:00:00.001+06:002014-05-18T02:00:52.242+06:00Gas Singeing Machine<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">This is the most commonly used
process for both woven and knit fabrics.</span></span></div>
<a name='more'></a><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqSPcLAqaZLBdllDrglVTSIMMkcYKR_riPz0wdf_f8Fa9X2sGcg9_chb_gv9dTzzDTAFtXZpS0zOivFJ0GLsowCgwtRPJf0j9RMQlySo7rQEeQypDNIO_XMxJLnbzouBWOnmv0FjqyMn8/s1600/Gas+singieng+machine2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="schematic-diagram-of-gas-singeing-machine-with-components-name" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqSPcLAqaZLBdllDrglVTSIMMkcYKR_riPz0wdf_f8Fa9X2sGcg9_chb_gv9dTzzDTAFtXZpS0zOivFJ0GLsowCgwtRPJf0j9RMQlySo7rQEeQypDNIO_XMxJLnbzouBWOnmv0FjqyMn8/s1600/Gas+singieng+machine2.jpg" height="151" title="Schematic Diagram of Gas Singeing Machine with Components name" width="400" /></a></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Singeing Procedure</b>: </span></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">This machine can singed both parts/sides.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">At first the fabric is drawn on to the guide roller
and the brushing is done on the both sides of the fabric, so that flying
fibers strands sufficiently.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Then the fabric is passed over the burner. The height
of the flame depends upon the fineness and coarseness and speed of the
fabric.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">After singeing the fabric is immersed in the water or
desizing tank to prepare the next process.</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Advantage of gas singeing
machine:</b> The advantage of gas singeing machine is given below,</span></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Uniform temperature ensure to proper singeing.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Both side of the fabric can be singed.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">As the process is continuous, there is no hamper in production.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">After singeing, fabrics are easily cleaned.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Standard process.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Ideal singeing.</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Disadvantage of gas singeing
machine</b>: The disadvantage is gas singeing machine is given below,</span></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The burner can produce spot on the fabric.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">This is not suitable for synthetic fabric.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Due to inconsistent of fabric speed, it may be burnt.</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Possible causes of defects of gas
singeing and its precaution</b>:</span></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The speed of the fabric must be consistent with the
flame height otherwise fabric may be burnt.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Synthetic blend must be operated carefully. Otherwise
uneven dyeing may occur during dyeing process.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Fabric may be burnt due to power failure. So
automatic gas burner stopping must necessary.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Burner should be clean, otherwise singed fabric will
be faulty and as a result stripe found during dyeing. </span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The fabric must be evenly dried before singeing.</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
Define Textilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13660738981867916595noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-524390415506378632.post-21066748542404778232014-05-16T23:02:00.001+06:002018-03-16T00:16:35.194+06:00Enzymatic Desizing <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Enzymes are specific
bio-catalysts of organic origin which are produced by living organisms in
living cells and accelerate chemical reactive. The molecular weight height but
different from chemical enzymes. The action of enzymes controlled by the
temperature, time and pH of the solution. Most enzymes have no action at
temperature above 75ºC.</span></span></div>
<a name='more'></a><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">These are soluble in water but
insoluble in acid and alcohol.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Desizing enzymes are</b>:</span></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Animal origin: Viveral, Degomma, waste pancrease,
cotted blood, liver etc.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Vegetable origin: </span></span></li>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="a">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Malt extract: Diastator, diastase, malt ostase etc.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Bacterial: Rapidase, biolase, Taka etc.</span></span></li>
</ol>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Desizing condition for enzyme</b>:</span></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Enzyme</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-image: none; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Concentrate g/L</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-image: none; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Temperature (ºC)</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-image: none; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">pH</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Pancreatic (animal)</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">1-3</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">50-60</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">6-7.5</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Malt extract</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">3-18</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">50-60</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">6-7.5</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Bacterial</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">0.5-1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">60-70</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">5.5-7.5</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Enzymatic desizing/ continuous
desizing process</b>:</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Process: Enzyme = 0.5-2%</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Time
= 1 hours</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Temperature
= 50-60ºC</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> pH
= 6-7.5</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Desizing procedure</b>:</span></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">At first we have to make the desizing mixture. The
desizing mixture contains of the following:</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">i.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>Water.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ii.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>Enzyme.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">iii.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>Salt.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">iv.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>Wetting agent.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The above chemicals are dissolved completely in a
mixing volume on tank.</span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRHrEPZMQk-igP87NHSLbRd8bloMVTIM1Z6C7T_jrCKBgh0oEzO3c4ZlTpUYlNptow0oib2swQE36rCAxWgzfG0Tu7ty3pt_YsnpcpdlHiOxYLSSgGCzm5ppSR0bJzuOjkAFdUnT6LUjc/s1600/Enzymatic+desizing.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="schematic-diagram-of-enzymatic-desizing" border="0" height="161" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRHrEPZMQk-igP87NHSLbRd8bloMVTIM1Z6C7T_jrCKBgh0oEzO3c4ZlTpUYlNptow0oib2swQE36rCAxWgzfG0Tu7ty3pt_YsnpcpdlHiOxYLSSgGCzm5ppSR0bJzuOjkAFdUnT6LUjc/s1600/Enzymatic+desizing.jpg" title="Schematic diagram of Enzymatic Desizing" width="400" /></a></div>
<ol start="2" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Then, the desizing enzyme mixture is added to the
padding mangle.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Then the fabric is immersed into the desizing liquor.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The temperature of the liquor is raised to 50-60ºC
and run for 1 hour.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">After desizing, the fabric is squeezed and stored in
a storage tank.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Finally cold wash is carried out and then squeezed
and dried. </span></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
MW01<br />
<br />
</div>
</div>
Define Textilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13660738981867916595noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-524390415506378632.post-74283304370040218232014-05-09T20:15:00.001+06:002014-05-09T20:16:27.225+06:00Ballon Theory<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The rotation applied to departing
yarn drawing at high speed of the yarn unwinding from a stationary spinning
cop, the yarn is thrown by centrifugal force away from the cop axis and
circumscribes in space of plane is called ballon. It is characterized by the
height ‘h’ as shown in figure.</span></span></div>
<a name='more'></a><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">In the process of yarn unwinding
from the cop every element of the yarn in the ballon performs a complicated
movement around the cop axis.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The shape of ballon depends on
the tension of yarn at the unwinding from the cop. Grishin’s formula for the
tension generated in the ballooning yarn states that “the yarn tension is a
function of the ballon height as well as other factors which need not be
considered here”.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-4csbXUOMrVRpByNgPqmWdm3HZ0b6dSfM40o6lpRmL2DN_XJoh9ehPaFY4KURyu6zUbOXd7WIcp0GulDIDVQKCUQW2j1_jJwxaJ8Elbxa3ivJrVzfvK6fBS7NYdAPuy6blFv-xoEQHAs/s1600/Ballon+theory.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="ballon-theory" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-4csbXUOMrVRpByNgPqmWdm3HZ0b6dSfM40o6lpRmL2DN_XJoh9ehPaFY4KURyu6zUbOXd7WIcp0GulDIDVQKCUQW2j1_jJwxaJ8Elbxa3ivJrVzfvK6fBS7NYdAPuy6blFv-xoEQHAs/s1600/Ballon+theory.jpg" height="320" title="ballon theory" width="305" /></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Factors influence or affect the
size of ballon</b>:</span></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Count of yarn:</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Finer count ↑ VS
higher ballon size↑</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Coarser count↑
VS ballon size↓</span></span></div>
<ol start="2" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Winding and unwinding speed:</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Higher speed↑ VS
higher ballon size↑</span></span></div>
<ol start="3" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Size and shape of the package:</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Larger package↑
VS greater ballon size↑</span></span></div>
<ol start="4" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Position of guide:</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Greater
distance↑ VS higher ballon size↑</span></span></div>
<ol start="5" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lift of the package:</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Larger package↑
VS ballon size↑</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
Define Textilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13660738981867916595noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-524390415506378632.post-89851564833441521382014-05-09T20:10:00.002+06:002014-05-09T20:11:22.580+06:00Difference between Carding and doffing action<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal">
The difference between carding and doffing action is given below,</div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal">
Carding Action</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal">
Doffing Action</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal">
1. Two surfaces wire point are inclined in opposite
direction and their speed direction is also opposite.</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal">
1. Two surface wire points are inclined in opposite
direction but their speed direction is same.</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal">
2. It is occurred between flat and cylinder.</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal">
2. It is occurred between cylinder and doffer.</div>
</td>
</tr>
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3. The speed difference between two surfaces is more.</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal">
3. The speed difference between two surfaces is less.</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal">
4. Maximum amount of fibers stay in lower speedy surface.</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal">
4. Some amount of fibers stay in lower speedy surface.</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal">
5. Fibers are mainly individualized by this section.</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal">
5. Sliver formation is performed by this section.</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<a name='more'></a><br /></div>
Define Textilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13660738981867916595noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-524390415506378632.post-63433741419609506542014-05-08T21:17:00.000+06:002014-05-08T21:17:28.894+06:00Garments Dyeing with Reactive Dyes (Hot Brand)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Recipe: </b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Wetting agent = 0.5-1 g/L</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Sequestering agent = 0.-1 g/L</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Anti-foaming agent = 0.5-1 g/L</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Dyes = X%</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Glauber salt = Y g/L</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Alkali = Z g/L</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Time = 30-60 minute</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Temperature = 90-100ºC</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
pH = 10.5-11</div>
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<br /></div>
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Shade (X) %</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 18.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
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Up to 1%</div>
</td>
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(1-3)%</div>
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>3%</div>
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<tr style="height: 34.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
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Salt (Y)</div>
</td>
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20-40 g/L</div>
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40-60 g/L</div>
</td>
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60-80 g/L</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
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Alkali (Z)</div>
</td>
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5-10 g/L</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 34.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.45pt;" valign="top" width="86"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 243.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
10-15 g/L</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 34.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.45pt;" valign="top" width="86"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 243.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
15-20 g/L</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Process Curve: </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrKextYVP31hanJqlAzbaE18MLBvEcdFKUJFIjgC6LOEv_wsrKbHJcOmgYGYIumcZcCcm1vjmLb7wOKVuxSFy4H9ay9D6yMjV8hguIDOAfr9-xlvv-HZo-pmyOm7lvNvUoCU1vJf8mmC8/s1600/Garments+dyeing+with+reactive+dyes.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="garments dyeing with reactive dyes" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrKextYVP31hanJqlAzbaE18MLBvEcdFKUJFIjgC6LOEv_wsrKbHJcOmgYGYIumcZcCcm1vjmLb7wOKVuxSFy4H9ay9D6yMjV8hguIDOAfr9-xlvv-HZo-pmyOm7lvNvUoCU1vJf8mmC8/s1600/Garments+dyeing+with+reactive+dyes.jpg" height="255" title="garments dyeing with reactive dyes" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
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Define Textilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13660738981867916595noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-524390415506378632.post-34250742846058686172014-05-06T21:55:00.000+06:002014-05-06T21:56:21.253+06:00Desizing<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The aim of <b>desizing</b> is the
elimination of the size material from the fabric. Fabric which has not been
desized is very stiff, causing difficulty in its treatment with different
solutions in subsequent processes.</span></span></div>
<a name='more'></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">After <a href="http://www.definetextile.com/2013/05/singeing.html" target="_blank">singeing</a> operation the size
material is removed by making the starch water soluble and washing it out with
warp <a href="http://www.definetextile.com/2013/12/water.html" target="_blank">water</a>.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Object</b>:</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">To remove the starch from the fabric.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">To increase absorbency of the fabric.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">For perfect action of <a href="http://www.definetextile.com/2013/05/scouring.html" target="_blank">scouring</a> and <a href="http://www.definetextile.com/2013/05/bleaching.html" target="_blank">bleaching</a>.</span></span></li>
</ol>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Singeing ingredients</b>:</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Starch: Corn, Potato, Sago.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Natural gum: Locust bean.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Proteins: Glue, Gelatin.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Synthetic Sizes: PVA.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Additives: <a href="http://www.definetextile.com/2013/06/thickener.html" target="_blank">Thickeners</a>, waxes.</span></span></li>
</ol>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Methods of desizing</b>:</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Hydrolytic method:</span></span></li>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="a">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Rot steeping.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Alkali steeping.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Acid steeping.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Steeping in enzymes.</span></span></li>
</ol>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Oxidative method:</span></span></li>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="a">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Bromide desizing.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Chloride desizing.</span></span></li>
</ol>
</ol>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Rot Steeping:</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCM-9bYfk64IuJJT8CBBUMBznfiW_nNhYlNoNhKEb8y9gAUtTqI0s7gxWWvDQmQJ2Wz5F4DQbKiPPiJAq0pHIRQUC94ED42Kbazf5A7Kv_-79Eb3tUUWTbhqMjNi2htwTYzVVMD5tj3dQ/s1600/Desizing-++rot+steeping.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="rot-steeping" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCM-9bYfk64IuJJT8CBBUMBznfiW_nNhYlNoNhKEb8y9gAUtTqI0s7gxWWvDQmQJ2Wz5F4DQbKiPPiJAq0pHIRQUC94ED42Kbazf5A7Kv_-79Eb3tUUWTbhqMjNi2htwTYzVVMD5tj3dQ/s1600/Desizing-++rot+steeping.jpg" height="127" title="Rot Steeping" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Controlling point:</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">i.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Store time = 12-24 hours.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">ii.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Temperature = 40ºC (24 hours).</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> = 60ºC (12 hours).</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Advantage:</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">i.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Not expensive method.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">ii.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>No chemical use.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Disadvantage:</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">i.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>Large floor space required.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">ii.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Very slow process.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Alkali steeping</b>:</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Controlling points:</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">i.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>0.4-0.6% caustic soda.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">ii.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Time: 8 to 10 hours.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">iii.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Temperature: 40ºC (10 hours).</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> : 60ºC (8 hours).</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Acid Steeping</b>:</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">i.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>0.5-1.0% H2SO4 or HCl.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">ii. Time = 4-6 hours.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">iii.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Temperature = 40ºC (6 hours).</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> = 60ºC (4 hours).</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Enzymatic process:</span></span></b></div>
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Desizing conditions</b>:</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Types of enzyme</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-image: none; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Temperature</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-image: none; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">pH</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-image: none; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Concentration(g/L)</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Pancreatic</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">50-55</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">7-7.5</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1.5</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Malt extract</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">50-60</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">5-7</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">3-2</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Bacterial</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">65-75</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">5.5</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">0.5-1</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
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Define Textilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13660738981867916595noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-524390415506378632.post-32476357223795078992014-05-05T22:28:00.000+06:002014-05-05T22:29:21.451+06:00Scouring of Man Made Fiber<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.definetextile.com/2013/05/man-made-fiber.html" target="_blank">Man made fiber</a> are comparatively
free from impurities and so much milder methods of <a href="http://www.definetextile.com/2013/05/scouring.html" target="_blank">scouring</a> are applied for
them,</span></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Nylon</b>:</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">i.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Synthetic detergent = 1.5-2 parts/L.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">ii.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Sodium Carbonate = 0.5-1.5 parts/L.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">iii.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Washing start temperature = 20-30ºC (Normal).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 2.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> = 70-80ºC (Non-heat set).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> = 90-100ºC (for heat set).</span></span></div>
<ol start="2" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Acrylic fiber</b>: 1% Non ionic detergent temperature
80ºC.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Rayon/Viscose</b>:</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">i.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Soap/Detergent =
0.3%.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">ii.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> = 1%.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">iii.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Temperature = 80-90ºC.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Acrylic fiber is
the main element of our sweeter.</span></span></div>
<a name='more'></a><br /></div>
Define Textilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13660738981867916595noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-524390415506378632.post-70148219117628360982014-05-05T22:23:00.003+06:002014-05-05T22:24:27.881+06:00Difference between scouring and souring:<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<![endif]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The <b>difference between scouring and souring</b> is given below, </span></span><br />
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<br />
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<br />
<table align="left" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 6.75pt; margin-right: 6.75pt;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Scouring</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-image: none; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Souring</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1. To remove oil,
wax, impurities etc.</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1. Not to remove any
impurities but for neutralization.</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">2. Scouring is done
in alkaline solution.</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">2. Souring is done
dilute HCl or H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>.</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">3. Required heat to
boiling.</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">3. No need to heat.</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">4. Need to definite
time.</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">4. No need to
definite time.</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
<a name='more'></a><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
Define Textilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13660738981867916595noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-524390415506378632.post-10426269792126222982014-05-03T20:22:00.000+06:002017-03-15T23:51:20.106+06:00Detergent<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Basic <b>detergents</b> are surface
active compound. The compounds which get orient at the interface and reduce
interfacial tension or surface tension are called <b>surface active compound</b> or
<b>detergent</b>. </span></span></div>
<a name='more'></a><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Or, </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A substant that consists the
removal of dirt. The removal is affected by emulsification of the dirt
particles and the substance normally has the power of suspending the dirt in
cleaning liquid.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Classification of detergent</b>:
<b>Detergent</b> are two types, these are:</span></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ionic.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Non Ionic.</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ionic <b>detergent</b> is three types.
These are,</span></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Anionic.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Cationic.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Amphoteric.</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Anionic detergent</b>: When the
detergents are ionized into anion and cation but the anion is the dominating
ion in the solution, there fore the surfactant is called an anionic surfactant.
Eg, <a href="http://www.definetextile.com/2014/05/soap.html" target="_blank">soap</a>.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
C<sub>17</sub>H<sub>35</sub>COONa→C<sub>17</sub>H<sub>35</sub>COO<sup>─</sup>+
Na<sup>+</sup></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Among the ions anion </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</xml><![endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12.0pt;">C<sub>17</sub>H<sub>35</sub>COO<sup>─</sup></span>
is comparatively very large to sodium ion. This sodium stearate is called
anionic stearate.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Cationic detergent</b>: Ionic surface
active agent which produces cation a dominating ion when dissolved in water is
called cationic detergent. eg. Catyl pyrinidium chloride.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Among there cation is a large
compound and act as a dominating ion.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
Define Textilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13660738981867916595noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-524390415506378632.post-60614469904104889212014-05-01T21:48:00.002+06:002017-03-16T00:03:51.300+06:00Soap<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Soap</b> is a metallic salt of
saturated or unsaturated higher fatty acid. There may be Pb, Mg, Ca or other
metallic salts. <b>Soap</b> is made up commercially by boiling natural oil.</span></span></div>
<a name='more'></a><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ5azMsR5RtaRPKe59uTOlUc_0i_wYVBJrCvh8jHhvXVozVKmDVd-iUeGkYhvbS2ucTgrua6aL_f0TPKgXhRgtkyhnEHRZw4wHLdWSYsdwfyJI2NCu_PvntGZS6mBGMQOdk07PrDOdb3k/s1600/Reaction1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="chemical structure of soap" border="0" height="111" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ5azMsR5RtaRPKe59uTOlUc_0i_wYVBJrCvh8jHhvXVozVKmDVd-iUeGkYhvbS2ucTgrua6aL_f0TPKgXhRgtkyhnEHRZw4wHLdWSYsdwfyJI2NCu_PvntGZS6mBGMQOdk07PrDOdb3k/s1600/Reaction1.jpg" title="Chemical structure of soap" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>The following oil is used in soap
manufacturing</b>:</span></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Cotton seed oil.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Coconut oil.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Oliver oil.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Soya bean oil.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Palm oil.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ground nut oil.</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Properties of soap</b>:</span></span><br />
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Soap</b> dissolve very slowly in cold <a href="http://www.definetextile.com/2013/12/water.html" target="_blank">water</a> but rapidly
in hot <a href="http://www.definetextile.com/2013/12/water.html" target="_blank">water</a>.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Soap</b> dissolve in hot alcohol but sparingly soluble in
the organic solvents such as acetone.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In extremely dilute <b>soap</b> ionized:<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXQXFLEzXRj5Ab7IBw6IF2-kWH2u3D5hzPpRtJkEfYJN1HagUnpE9EN-FIsKEbnH2PYE2Nul40GxOTs_eAqJbiKBhR-T3HMsgerD8TN9ja8n5638AcfP3FSX97UP-R3kOcWJnHGhzbywY/s1600/Reaction2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="ionized soap" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXQXFLEzXRj5Ab7IBw6IF2-kWH2u3D5hzPpRtJkEfYJN1HagUnpE9EN-FIsKEbnH2PYE2Nul40GxOTs_eAqJbiKBhR-T3HMsgerD8TN9ja8n5638AcfP3FSX97UP-R3kOcWJnHGhzbywY/s1600/Reaction2.jpg" title="ionized soap" /></a></div>
</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Sometimes there
is free fatty acid molecule in <b>soap</b> to form what is known as <b>acid soap</b>.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">XRCOOH+YCOONa→(RCOOH)<sub>Y</sub>(RCOONa)<sub>X</sub></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This <b>acid soap</b>
caused uneven shade in the fabric.</span></span></div>
<ol start="4" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Soap</b> reacts with hard water.</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">C<sub>17</sub>H<sub>35</sub>COONa+CaSO<sub>4</sub>→(C<sub>17</sub>H<sub>35</sub>COO)<sub>2</sub>Ca+Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The number of carbon atom in the aliphatic chain of
soap is very important.</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> If there carbon
amount is 9, then there is no detergency power. And if there is carbon amount
is 17 then there is extremely detergency power. If carbon amount is more then
17 then there is poor solubility.</span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></span><br />
<br /></div>
<br /><ol start="5" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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Define Textilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13660738981867916595noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-524390415506378632.post-23725630107880443162014-04-23T18:21:00.000+06:002014-04-23T18:21:58.860+06:00Let Off Motion<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The motion which delivers the
warp from the warp beam at the required rate that a suitable constant tension
by unwinding it from a flanged bobbin called <b>let off motion</b>.</span></div>
<a name='more'></a><b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: justify;">Functions of let off motion</b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: justify;">:</span><br />
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">To apply tension on warp to help to form a clear
shed.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">To deliver the warp sheet from the warp beam.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">To provide the warp and filling space during weaving.</span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Shirley Let Off Motion</b>:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Construction</b>: The warp which
supplied from the warp beam and passed over the floating back rest. The
floating back rest is connected with an angular lever arm and other end if the
lever is fulcrum. The beam barrel is joined with a roller. On the weight lever,
the sliding weight is placed which can slide left and right as and when
required.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Working Principle</b>: </span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Constant take up rate equal to the constant let off
rate, when warp tension is increases.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Constant rate take up increases.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Floating roller deflect to the left side.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Arm deflects to the left side.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The weight lever moves to the upward.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sliding dead weight deflect to the left side.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">As a result let off motion increases.</span></li>
</ol>
<br /></div>
Define Textilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13660738981867916595noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-524390415506378632.post-34349955140461286552014-04-23T18:16:00.000+06:002017-03-16T00:04:21.852+06:00Picking<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Picking</b> means inserting a weft thread across the warp through during <a href="http://www.definetextile.com/2013/09/weaving.html" target="_blank">weaving</a>. <b>Picking</b> is the second primary motion in weaving.</span></div>
<a name='more'></a><b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: justify;">Over Pick</b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-align: justify;">: When </span><b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: justify;">picking</b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-align: justify;"> arm position is situated above the shuttle box then it is called </span><b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: justify;">over pick</b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-align: justify;">.</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Under Pick</b>: When <b>picking</b> arm position is situated under the shuttle box then it is called <b>under pick</b>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Difference between over pick and under pick</b>:</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Over Pick</span></div>
</td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Under Pick</span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">1. Arm position is above the shuttle box.</span></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">1. Arm position is below the shuttle box.</span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">2. Higher <a href="http://www.definetextile.com/2013/06/loom.html" target="_blank">loom</a> speed.</span></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">2. Lower loom speed.</span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">3. Less power required.</span></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">3. More power required.</span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">4. Works more smoothly.</span></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">4. Works less smoothly.</span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">5. Less clean mechanism.</span></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">5. More clean mechanism.</span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">6. Less direct action.</span></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">6. More direct action.</span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">7. Comparatively gentle in picking action.</span></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">7. Comparatively harsh in picking action.</span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">8. Less wear and tear.</span></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">8. More wear and tear.</span></div>
</td> </tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
</div>
Define Textilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13660738981867916595noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-524390415506378632.post-41384499505160765442014-04-23T18:11:00.001+06:002014-04-23T18:11:42.855+06:00Beating-Up<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Beating up</b> is the third and final
primary motion in <a href="http://www.definetextile.com/2013/09/weaving.html" target="_blank">weaving</a>; it performs driving the last pick of weft to the
fell of the cloth.</span><br />
<a name='more'></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Types of Beating Up</b>:</span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>According to number of beat-up</b>:</span></li>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="a">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Single beat-up.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Double beat-up.</span></li>
</ol>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>According to beat-up mechanism</b>:</span></li>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="a">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Conventional beat-up.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><st1:place w:st="on">Cam</st1:place> beat-up.</span></li>
</ol>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>According to movement of reed</b>:</span></li>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="a">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Real beat-up.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">False beat-up.</span></li>
</ol>
</ol>
</div>
Define Textilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13660738981867916595noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-524390415506378632.post-52643760074660977602014-04-23T18:06:00.000+06:002014-04-23T18:06:43.117+06:00Fabric Machine<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Fabric machine</b> knits fabric in a
continuous interrupted length of constant width, width depends on the dia of
roller.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Feature of Fabric Machine</b>: The feature of fabric machine is given below,</span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The knit fabric at high speed.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Fabric can be manually cut away from the machines.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">They are highly productive machines.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">They are versatile machines.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The fabric is finished in to continuous finishing equipment.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">They are circular machines of the revolving needle cylinder type.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">After finishing the fabric is cut and sewn in to garments.</span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Different Fabric Machines:</b></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Define Textilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13660738981867916595noreply@blogger.com12tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-524390415506378632.post-3687091939191408282014-04-10T20:53:00.000+06:002014-04-10T20:54:01.976+06:00Comber<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">To remove short fibers, neps,
impurities by using a comb is called <b>combing</b>. These removes by brushes and
rollers which assisted of combs. This process is done by a <b>comber machine</b>. This
process is carried out to improve quality of the sliver which is coming out
from the card. </span></span></div>
<a name='more'></a><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Outline diagram of a Comber</b>:</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqkC9rs_W7vuYjRrFA2HE96WCuv4uMtBE4WpWm4L0qtZscGzEh68Wq5TqNUq9lYqakYfLAKzK5AZxkZCsvUfMVC53HYI5DFevD__QyYxqzNgHlAt6SelJ2CJoi5M3vRC2M3TwFdNgSlY4/s1600/outline+diagram+of+a+comber.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="outline-diagram-of-a-comber" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqkC9rs_W7vuYjRrFA2HE96WCuv4uMtBE4WpWm4L0qtZscGzEh68Wq5TqNUq9lYqakYfLAKzK5AZxkZCsvUfMVC53HYI5DFevD__QyYxqzNgHlAt6SelJ2CJoi5M3vRC2M3TwFdNgSlY4/s1600/outline+diagram+of+a+comber.jpg" height="171" title="Outline Diagram of a Comber" width="400" /></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Name of the components</b>:</span></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Combing head.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sliver table.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Drafting arrangement.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Coiler.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sliver.</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Cross-section diagram of a
comber</b>:</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2jadfzce37DJKRoXLob-RVNLb_qFMjBgFzosYIGGUJBRyeVlDqnD-_lIeiYrx0gTdrLUyt5WYInrJRFkOZv2F5GgNOdRTDScnjXDGwcc4EQGicwd4M_CYPDYFAW53lUNVrSppwUNJ6HA/s1600/cross-section+diagram+of+a+comber.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="cross-section-diagram-of-a-comber" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2jadfzce37DJKRoXLob-RVNLb_qFMjBgFzosYIGGUJBRyeVlDqnD-_lIeiYrx0gTdrLUyt5WYInrJRFkOZv2F5GgNOdRTDScnjXDGwcc4EQGicwd4M_CYPDYFAW53lUNVrSppwUNJ6HA/s1600/cross-section+diagram+of+a+comber.jpg" height="195" title="Cross-Section diagram of a Comber" width="400" /></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Name of the components</b>:</span></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lap.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lap feed roller.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Main feed roller.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Bottom nipper.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Top nipper.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Combing cylinder.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Top combs.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Detaching roller.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Trumpet-1.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sliver table.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Drafting system.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Trumpet-2.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Coiler.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sliver can.</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Description of process sequence
of a comber</b>:</span></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lap feed by feed roller.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lap nipping by the nipper.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Combing by the cylinder.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Nipper opening and forwarding.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Detaching roller backward movement.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Piecing.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Detaching roller forward movement.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Combing by the top comb.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Top comb withdrawing.</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Degree of combing</b>: Amount of noil
to be extracted from the lap by the combing machine. Degree of combing is
always expressed in percentage.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Types of combing</b>:</span></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Semi-combing = 5-10% noil.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Normal combing = 10-20% noil.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Super combing = above 20% noil.</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Noil</b>: Noil is the wastage of
comber including short fibers, dirt, dust, impurities etc.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
Define Textilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13660738981867916595noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-524390415506378632.post-50244244590191424192014-04-05T21:22:00.001+06:002014-04-05T21:23:02.794+06:00Winding Principle of Simplex<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">There are two <b>winding principle
of simplex</b>. They are,</span></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">In simplex the bobbin speed must be higher than the
flyer speed for winding.</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> If the flyer
speed is N<sub>F</sub> and bobbin speed is N<sub>B</sub>. They according to the
principle:</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">N<sub>B</sub>>N<sub>F</sub></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">So, winding on
speed = N<sub>B</sub>-N<sub>F</sub></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Then, N<sub>W</sub>=N<sub>B</sub>-N<sub>F</sub>…………(i).</span></span></div>
<ol start="2" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">If the diameter increases due to winding, then the
bobbin speed must be decreased.</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Let, the
delivery speed = L inch per minute.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">At any instant,
the bobbin dia = d inch.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Then the
winding speed, N<sub>W</sub> = (L/πd)…………(ii).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Now, from the
equation (i) and (ii) we get,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">N<sub>B</sub>-N<sub>F</sub> = (L/πd).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Then,
L = πd (N<sub>B</sub>-N<sub>F</sub>).</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Building
Mechanism of Winding</b>: There are three important tasks are occurred for building
on a package,</span></span>
<br />
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Bobbin speed must be decreased due to winding in each
layer.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lifting the bobbin rail for stable.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Shorten the lifting of bobbin rail for tapper end.<a name='more'></a></span></span></li>
</ol>
</div>
Define Textilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13660738981867916595noreply@blogger.com0