In
Textile Technology, physics plays a large part. The study of the structure
& physical properties of fibers, yarns & fabrics forms the unified
subject that is legitimately called textile physics. It is an essential part of
education of any textile technologist.
Requirements
for fiber formation: The requirements for fiber formation are given below,
1. Molecules chains are long.
2. A more or less parallel arrangement of the molecules.
3. Lateral forces to held the molecules together and give
cohesion to the structure.
4. Some measure of freedom of molecular movement in order
to give the necessary extensibility to the fiber and some openness to give room
for moisture absorption and uptake of dyes.
Morphology
of fiber structure: Morphology refers to form and structure of a substance.
There are many theoretical approaches of fiber structure. These are,
1. Fringed micelle.
2. Modified fringed micelle.
3. Extended china.
4. Fringed fibril.
5. Para crystalline.
6. Three phase polymer single crystal.
Fringed micelle:
The
micelle was assumed to be smallest structural aggregated of micro molecules.
The discrete brick like submicroscopic particles are oriented with respect to
the axis of the fiber & account for the crystalline of the fiber. The
remaining matter is just amorphous matter separating the micelles. Since the
polymer molecules are much longer than the molecules. They can run through
successive crystalline & regions give fringed micelle.
Modified fringed micelle:
It
was found that polymers used in fiber could be crystallized form dilute
solution so as to give single crystals. In these lamellar crystals, the chain
molecules are folded back & forth as illustrated in figure. Similar folding
may occur in fibers & this had led to the suggestion of modified fringed
micelle structure in which there is a mixture of fringing & folding at the
end of each micelle as indicates in figure.
Fringed fibril concept:
The
electro microscope observation of micro fibrils in cotton & other natural
cellulose fibers, in wool & in some form of rayon’s was reason for the
introduction of an alternative to the fringed micelle structure since the
fibril’s & the micelles were thought to have the same thickness, the two
forms were incompatible. Therefore proposed a fringed fibril structure as are
shown in the figure. This combines (a) a fibriller form & (b) the idea
inherent in the fringed micelle structure of definite crystalline & non
crystalline regions with chain molecules running continuously through each type
of region.
For all those who didnt take up Physics in School;
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