Water is a transparent, odorless,
tasteless liquid. It is a chemical
compound consisting of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen. The name water
typically refers to the liquid state of the compound. The solid phase is known
as ice and gas phase is called steam. Water contains 11.188 percent hydrogen
and 88.812 percent oxygen, by weight. It’s freezing at 32°F or 0°C and boiling
at 212°F or 100°C.
Types of Water: Water can be
classified into many types. Such as,
- Hard water.
- Boiled water.
- Raw water.
- Rain water.
- Snow water.
- Filtered water.
- Soft water.
- De-ionized Water.
- Etc.
Source of Water: The sources of
water are four types. These are,
1. Rain
water.
2. Surface
water.
3. Sub-soil
water.
4. Deep
well water.
Rain Water: Rain water is the
purest water of all natural water. It contains suspended impurities such as
Sulpher-di-oxide (Sio2), HCl, CO2, NH3 etc. It’s suitable for boiling, washing
and dyeing process.
Surface Water: Surface water
contains rain water which has collected from ponds, rivers or lacks. This type
of water contains organic or inorganic matters. It’s not suitable for dyeing
and finishing.
Sub-Soil Water: This type of
water is collected from shallow springs and well which is about 5o ft or so
deep. Not suitable for dyeing and finishing.
Deep Well Water: This type of
water is obtained 500m below the surface. It’s free from the organic matter. It
is suitable for dyeing and finishing process.
Use of Water in Textile: In
textile section, water can be used in different ways. Such as,
1. Boilers
supplying steam for heating and dyeing.
2. Wet
process for pre-treatment (Singeing, De-sizing, Scouring, bleaching etc.)
3. Dyeing
Operation.
4. Finishing
operation.
Purification of Water: Water can
be purified by different ways. Such as,
1. Boiling.
2. Iodine
Treatment
3. Chlorine
Treatment
4. Filtration
Boiling: Boiling is the most
certain way of killing all microorganisms. According to the Wilderness Medical
Society, water temperatures above 160° F (70° C) kill all pathogens within 30
minutes and above 185° F (85° C) within a few minutes.
Iodine Treatment: Iodine is light
sensitive and must always be stored in a dark bottle. It works best if the
water is over 68° F (21° C). Iodine has been shown to be more effect than
chlorine-based treatments.
Chlorine Treatment: Chlorine can
be used for persons with iodine allergies or restrictions. Remember that water
temperature, sediment level, and contact time are all elements in killing
microorganisms in the water. Halazone is an example of a chlorine tablet
product
Filtration: There are a number of
devices on the market that filter out microorganisms. A water filter pumps
water through a microscopic filter that is rated for a certain-size organism.
Certified manufacturer's literature whether it is for drinking water, shower filters, or whole house filters provide documentation and attestation of capacity and performance claims. house The whole house filter, installed in the main water source of the house, supplies filtered water for the entire the house.
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